What should be avoided to prevent circuits from malfunctioning on a PCB?

To prevent circuits from malfunctioning on a PCB (Printed Circuit Board), it is crucial to avoid tracks touching additional pads or tracks. This phenomenon is known as a short circuit, where unintended connections between conductive paths can create alternative and unwanted pathways for the electrical current. Such shorts can lead to the circuit not functioning at all, or in some cases, can cause component damage due to excessive current flow. Maintaining proper spacing and routing on a PCB helps ensure that each track operates correctly without interference from others.

In contrast, the other aspects such as proper alignment, the correct thickness of tracks, and visual inspections contribute positively to the overall functionality and reliability of the PCB. Proper alignment ensures that components are placed accurately, while the correct thickness of tracks can support the required current flow without overheating. Visual inspections are important for identifying issues early in the design or manufacturing process.