What is the purpose of grub screws in mechanical systems?

Grub screws serve the specific purpose of securing components in place, particularly in mechanical systems where precise positioning is crucial. They function primarily by applying pressure directly against a shaft or other cylindrical part, resisting axial movement and preventing the parts from slipping or loosening during operation. By using relatively small forces, grub screws can hold components securely while allowing for adjustment if necessary.

In mechanical engineering, maintaining alignment and stability is essential for the effective operation of machinery, and grub screws achieve this without necessitating complex or bulky fastening mechanisms. Their design typically features a hexagonal or square socket, allowing them to be installed with an appropriate tool, ensuring they can be tightened or loosened as needed for adjustments.

The other options do not align with the functions of grub screws. For instance, while joining shafts directly might involve a different type of fastening, sealing components focuses on protection from environmental conditions, and providing electrical insulation relates to preventing current flow, which are not the primary roles of grub screws.