What is the primary function of a potential divider in sensing circuits?

The primary function of a potential divider in sensing circuits is to divide supply voltage to create an output voltage. A potential divider consists of two resistors in series connected across a voltage source. The output voltage can be taken from the junction of the two resistors, providing a fraction of the input voltage based on the ratio of the resistances.

This is particularly useful in sensing circuits where specific voltage levels need to be generated for comparison with other voltages. For example, in temperature sensors or light sensors, the potential divider can adjust the output voltage in accordance with the changes in resistance caused by environmental conditions, thus producing a variable output voltage that represents the measured value.

In contrast, amplifying voltage signals, converting AC to DC, or storing electrical energy are functions that are handled by different components or circuits, such as operational amplifiers, rectifiers, or capacitors. These do not directly relate to the function of the potential divider, which is focused solely on voltage division.